युवा आवेग

The most successful player in the history of IPL is Rohit Sharma. Mumbai Indians has guided five IPL trophies under the captaincy throne of Rohit Sharma. All five title triumphs have come under the Rohit Sharma's time duration 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019 and 2020.
In the dynamic world of cricket, leadership changes are inevitable, and they often become the talking point among fans and pundits alike. The latest bombshell in the Indian Premier League (IPL) universe revolves around the charismatic cricketer Rohit Sharma, who has been an emblematic figure as the captain of Mumbai Indians. The decision to remove Rohit Sharma from the captaincy has sent shockwaves through the cricketing fraternity, leaving fans pondering the reasons behind this unexpected move.

Replacing Rohit Sharma as the captain of Mumbai Indians marked the end of an era in IPL.

By the report of The Indian Express, Rohit was informed before the Cricket world Cup that Hardik would be the returning to the fold as a captain of franchise. 

The report has also informed that Pandya had agreed to move on from Gujrat, where he made formidable records in just two season.

The Glorious Captaincy Stint:

Rohit Sharma's journey as the skipper of Mumbai Indians has been nothing short of spectacular. Under his captaincy, the franchise has flourished, clinching multiple IPL titles and etching its name in the annals of T20 cricket history. Sharma's astute captaincy, combined with his prolific batting, turned Mumbai Indians into a formidable force, making them the most successful team in the IPL.

The Strategic Shift:

However, the winds of change have swept through the Mumbai Indians' camp as the decision-makers opted for a strategic shift. The move to replace Rohit Sharma as the captain signifies a bold departure from the status quo. Speculations are rife about the rationale behind this decision, with many cricket enthusiasts and experts trying to decipher the underlying dynamics at play.

Team Dynamics and Performance:

Cricket, as they say, is a team sport, and the decision to change the captaincy often stems from an assessment of team dynamics and performance. Mumbai Indians might be looking to infuse fresh energy and a new perspective into their leadership. It could be a strategic move to revitalize the team and chart a course for sustained success in the seasons to come.

Injury Concerns:

Another aspect that cannot be ignored is Rohit Sharma's recent battle with injuries. The fitness of a captain is paramount, as it directly influences his on-field performance and decision-making abilities. Mumbai Indians may have taken this into account while making the tough call to relieve Sharma of his captaincy duties, with an eye on ensuring a fit and firing leader for the upcoming seasons.

Leadership Succession Plan:

Every successful team needs a well-thought-out leadership succession plan. Mumbai Indians may have carefully considered the long-term goals and decided to groom a new captain to take the reins. This move could be part of a strategic vision aimed at building a leadership pipeline within the team, ensuring a seamless transition when the time comes for Rohit Sharma to step back.

Media Speculations and Fan Reactions:

As news of Rohit Sharma's removal from the captaincy spread like wildfire, the media and fans were quick to react. Social media platforms buzzed with discussions, debates, and memes, reflecting the passionate and emotional response of the cricketing community. Some expressed shock, while others speculated on the possible repercussions for the team's performance in the upcoming season.

Mahela Jayawardene stated, "It was a tough decision. It was emotional, to be honest. It's fair on the fans as well. I think everyone is emotional and we have to respect that as well. But at the same time, as a franchise, you have to make those decisions."

Despite the change in leader of Mumbai Indians, Jayawardene assured fans that Rohit will play vital role in the match, both off and on field. Because to guide the upcoming generation is also very important. 

Jayawardene affirmed that Rohit will be part of legacy that who will guide through.

Jayawardene also gave a lot explanation regarding this that Appointing Hardik Pandya as a team captain is based on completely meaning conversation. Everyone is thinking that it is too hurry to replace him but it is a decision which we had to make at some point.

Former Indian and Mumbai Indian player Wasim Zafar said in ESPNCricinfo, "I'm surprised that MI has moved from Rohit Sharma so early. It happened so quickly, I'm also a little surprised. When they did the trade, it was probably communicated to Hardik that he was going to become the captain. But whether it was communicated to Rohit, I don't know."

Jayawardene added in his statement that We express our gratitude to Rohit Sharma for his exceptional leadership, his tenure as the captain of the Mumbai Indians since 2013 has been nothing short of extraordinary. His leadership has not only brought unparalleled success to the team but has also solidified his place as one of the finest captains in the history of the IPL.

Conclusion:

In the ever-evolving landscape of cricket, decisions that reshape the dynamics of a team are both inevitable and essential. Mumbai Indians' move to remove Rohit Sharma from the captaincy is a watershed moment in IPL history, and only time will reveal the wisdom behind this strategic decision. As fans eagerly await the unfolding of the next chapter in Mumbai Indians' journey, one thing is certain – the cricketing world will be closely watching the team's performance and the impact of this leadership shake-up in the seasons to come. Team Yuva Aaveg- Avantika

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             On 11 December 2023, a Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court unanimously upheld the power of the president to abrogate Article 370 of the Constitution, which in August 2019 led to the reorganization of the state of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) into Union Territories and denuded it of its special privileges. It reasoned that Article 370 was only a ‘temporary provision’ to ease the accession of the then princely state to the union at a time of internal strife and war.

What Petitioners Argued---

       The petitioners, represented by a battery of senior lawyers including Kapil Sibal, Gopal Subramanium, Rajeev Dhavan, Dushyant Dave, and Gopal Sankaranarayanan, said the Union used brute majority in Parliament and issued a series of executive orders through the President to divide a full-fledged State into the Union Territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh. They called it an attack on federalism and a fraud played on the Constitution.

     The petitioners had argued that Article 370 had assumed a permanent character as soon as the Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly dissolved in 1957 after the framing of the State Constitution. Mr. Sihal said Article 368 (Parliament's power to amend the constitution) did not apply to Article 370.

What did the court say?

● Jammu and Kashmir does not have any ‘internal sovereignty’ different from other states and its status under Article 370 is only a form of asymmetric federalism.

● From its historical context, it is clear that Article 370 is only a temporary provision. 

● The President, in exercise of power under Article 370(3), can unilaterally issue a notification that Article 370 ceases to exist.

● When the Constituent Assembly was dissolved, it did not affect the President's power to declare it inoperative.

Background of Article 370-

      Article 370 was the basis of Jammu and Kashmir’s accession to the Indian Union at a time when erstwhile princely states had the choice to join either India or Pakistan after their independence from British rule in 1947. The article, which came into effect in 1949, exempts Jammu and Kashmir state from the Indian constitution. It allows the

Indian-administered region jurisdiction to make its laws in all matters except finance, defense, foreign affairs, and communications.

It established a separate constitution and a separate flag and denied property rights in the region to outsiders. That means the residents of the state live under different laws from the rest of the country in matters such as property ownership and citizenship.

How did the Government repeal, why and what was the impact of Article 370 abrogation -

         In 1954, the Constitutional Application Order 1950 was renamed as the Constitutional Application 1954 and its issuance was the first infringement on the constitutional autonomy of the State of J&K. It culminated with the issuance of the constitution(Application of J&K) order, 2019. On 5th and 6th August 2019 concurrent resolutions were passed by both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha respectively. These resolutions revoked the remaining provisions of Article 370 and replaced them with new provisions. On 5th August 2019, Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act 2019, was passed by parliament. This act bifurcated the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two Union Territories: Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh.

       It was felt that Article 370 created a lack of transparency and accountability in the governance and discriminated against women, Dalits, and other marginalized groups in Jammu and Kashmir. The abrogation would bring them under the umbrella of Indian laws and provide them with equal rights and opportunities.

This article hindered economic development and the complete integration of Jammu and Kashmir into the Indian Union. The abrogation would allow for greater investment, tourism, better access to resources, infrastructure and job opportunities for the people of J&K and also strengthen national security by allowing the Indian government to have more control over the region and crack down on terrorist activities.

Conclusion-

          Article 370 hindered the complete integration of Jammu and Kashmir into the Indian Union, creating a sense of separatism and impeding its development. The recent judgment by the five senior judges of the Supreme Court upheld the union government's action to abrogate Article 370, which granted special status to Jammu and Kashmir. This decision showcases the court's commitment to strengthening the fabric of our nation and reinforcing the values that define us as a society. It is a testament to the collective resolve to build a stronger, more United India.






Team Yuva Aaveg-
Praveen Kumar Maurya

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Overtourism

A sign of upcoming crisis

 The world is overrun with tourists and it looks like cities have had enough. Some countries round the globe especially in Europe are replacing come to us incentives with stay away restrictions. The pandemic was a bad time for travel, borders were shut, flights were grounded, people were stuck at homes so when the World opened up tourism boomed. Everyone wanted to travel there was even a term for it called as "Revenge travel" but 2 years later countries (especially developed) are fed up of tourism. Over tourism has been a problem for some time but now cities are fighting back. So, this blog explains this trend when does tourism become over tourism and why should we care.

Imagine a scenic location, azour Blue Waters pristine beaches Scenic mountains you would want to visit right well Instagram has made it easier it all begins with a humble hashtag or a viral dream meal a picturesk location is discovered an influencer snaps a breathtaking shot and that's it. One's a hidden gem becomes a must visit destination. All thanks to the magic of social media but when does this fast rising tide become a tsunami what happens when there are just too many tourists? It's called over tourism. It's self-explanatory too many visitors at a particular destination. In an era where Globe trotting is as accessible as ordering your morning coffee, it is a quiet catastrophe hidden beneath the pictures, selfies and the thrill of discovering new destinations. According to the world tourism organization by the end of 2030 International tourists will surpass 2 billion. Yet the sites and places they want to see remain the same their capacity remains the same. They won't magically grow in size which makes this the perfect recipe for disaster. There's wear and tear on fragile sites, disruption for local people & visitors receive a less than an ideal experience.


Long traffic jams, endless quess, rampant littering
overpriced food and no place to just take a breath.

Does it sound like an ideal holiday? I’m sure it doesn’t.
The causes of over tourism are many but there are
three main trends. The first is population. The global
Population has tripled since the 1950s and more people
are travelling. The second reason is growing influence.
The world’s Middle class is as big as 4.2 billion people
which is a very large number. A lot Of them can afford to
travel and that’s what they’re doing. The third is accessibility.

 Easier permissions, cheap regional carriers, air bnb's and social media all of this has fueled the travel boom. It brings in the money too but countries are increasingly unhappy about it. Over tourism is killing cities. So many governments are now imposing restrictions. 'Venice' The poster child of over tourism. The city is so overwhelmed with with tourists that canals have bumper to bumper rush hour traffic. Venice gets an estimated 30 million visitors every year. It's population is not even 300,000. So hosting 30 million is just too much for the city. The delicate Venitian ecosystem cannot handle it. As a Result the floating city is losing its essence so Venice has decided to act it will now charge tourists to enter the city in a bit to curb overcrowding. The fee is €5 which which doesn’t sound like much when we think about it all visitors over the age of 18 will have to pay it. Venice hopes that this will deter some day trippers. It wants only the most committed tourists to visit. It’s not just Europe that is fed up. Places in Southeast Asia too are done with tourists. Places like Bali, it has a new set of rules. For them like dress appropriately, do not climb volcano, do not disrespect holy sides, there’s a whole list and they’re taking it very seriously because over tourism is not just about too many people it’s also about the lack of cultural sensitivity. Rowdy tourists have a knack for turning sacred temples into impromptu yoga studios and quaint neighborhoods into drunken party zones. For them it’s not a trip unless you’ve offended locals with inappropriate behaviour. In India too the situation is no different.

 -Team Yuva Aaveg

(Akhileshwar Maurya)

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ANGKOR TEMPLE

November 29, 2023

A visit to Cambodia would not be complete without exploring the ancient Angkor Wat temple complex located in the northwestern province of Siem Reap.

In a recent development, it has surpassed Italy’s Pompeii and claimed the prestigious title of the world’s eighth wonder.

Despite exposure to decades of war, Angkor wat, the mysterious temple city in the Cambodia Jungle, still stands during witness to the Hindu Kingdom of khamer. Over 1000 temple survive to tell stories of greatness and power.

Angkor was the Capital city of the kingdom of khmer and the word famous, enormous temple complex of Angkor wat formed  its core. Every khmer ruler was a god - king and each one commissioned a temple in honour of his own divine nature, with which he Expected to Reunite After Death The temple complex is a massive architectural expression of this Hindu tradition. Angkor what was built in the 12th century by command of king SuryaVerman ll  the "ward of the God", in honour of no lesser a god than Vishnu himself, the ruler of the word. The temple complex is designed to mirror the khamer cosmology itself strongly grounded in the Indian worldview. In this sense, Angkor wat designed as a precise representation of the cosmic universe

Architectural views of Angkor wat temple

The Angkor complex was the spiritual centre of the camel Kingdom and its main temple emboded a joining to leader of the wordly and spiritual principles of khmer culture. Architecturally, the temple is the creative anesthetic high point of the culture.

The Temple buildings

The Temple Building themselves were constructed according to the strict geometric principles in the form of a three stepped pyramid with five towers rising from the uppermost level .  The Center tower and embodiment of the dead go king spirit in each case the highest of the five.

The walls of the temple

The walls of the lowest level of each temple or decorated in bas-reliefs.The figure representation form a continuous chronology that relates a visual narrative of Hindu cosmology the release extend over 800 m and cover a total area of 2000 square metres

The most striking features of Angkor wat temple

The most striking future of Angkor wat is the opulent decoration and sumptuous ornamentation every Wall and surface . The dominating motif of relief  sculpture is that of the beautiful dances of the heavens apsaras And devatas who make ready and supply the Joys Of Paradise to all the deities. Over 1500 of these figures are found at Angkor wat, all naked to the hips and wearing a low -slung long skirt and variety of fantastic hairstyles. Each figure is an individual masterpiece and no figure is exactly the same as any other as an inscription found in the temple reads

"your slender graceful shining body shining body clothed in the most beautiful and luxurious cloth, outshines even the complete beauty of the god of the flowering arrow who is the god of love delighting the earth like the crescent of the waxing moon.

The spiritual views of Angkor wat temple

The heart of the temple 

This place is known as the heavenly palace is ringed by a moat nearly 200 m wide that symbolise the pre module sea surrounding the inhabited Earth.

The centre 

In the centre of the moat,What Symbolized The Mountain Is My Home of the Hindu Gods and There in the Very Universe Itself. The Ward of the Sun God, Surya Varma Second Commission The impressive more than life size statue of Vishnu in the gallery's main entrance will be every office responsibility with a divine roller The statue is sculpted with suryavarman ll's own facial features.

Also common in many Angkor temples is the visual representation of a foam- bedecked Ocean. This image is deeply tide into Hindu mythology, in which the earth is  perceived as a butter Churn filled with foaming milk.The iconography was particularly appropriate to Angkor Wat, which for the ancient Khmer represented the physical and spiritual center of an ever changing universe.

In today's rapidly changing business landscape, talent acquisition has evolved from a routine HR function to a dynamic, strategic imperative. With technology driving change and the expectations of the modern workforce shifting, organizations are reimagining how they recruit and retain top talent. This article explores the innovations and trends that are shaping the future of talent acquisition, focusing on recruitment and retention strategies.

The future of talent acquisition is increasingly reliant on data analytics. Recruitment professionals are leveraging big data, AI, and machine learning to make informed decisions. This includes analysing candidate profiles, tracking employee performance, and predicting future staffing needs. Such data-driven insights help in identifying the right candidates and streamlining the hiring process, leading to faster and more accurate recruitment.

Data analytics in talent acquisition has several facets. First, organizations are utilizing applicant tracking systems (ATS) that automatically filter and rank resumes based on specific criteria. These systems can significantly reduce the time and effort required to identify qualified candidates. Moreover, predictive analytics is playing a crucial role in talent acquisition. By examining historical data, predictive algorithms can forecast when and where talent gaps will occur, allowing organizations to proactively address their staffing needs.

To exemplify, consider a scenario in which a technology company wants to hire software developers. Using predictive analytics, they can analyze historical hiring data, employee turnover rates, and market trends to predict a surge in demand for software developers. Armed with this information, the company can initiate a proactive recruitment campaign, giving them a competitive edge in securing top talent.

Furthermore, data-driven decision-making extends to assessing the effectiveness of recruitment strategies. HR departments are now utilizing key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure the success of their hiring efforts. Metrics such as time-to-fill, cost-per-hire, and quality of hire allow organizations to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of their recruitment processes. This data helps them fine-tune their strategies, ensuring a smoother recruitment experience for both candidates and hiring teams. The digital transformation has given rise to innovative recruitment platforms that offer a streamlined and efficient hiring process. These platforms use AI algorithms to match candidates with job openings, conduct initial assessments, and even offer automated interview scheduling. They save time and resources while enhancing the candidate experience, making the hiring process more seamless. Digital recruitment platforms are revolutionizing the way companies identify and attract talent. These platforms are designed to leverage AI and machine learning to not only identify suitable candidates but also to engage with them effectively. For instance, they can automate the initial stages of the recruitment process, such as sending out standardized interview invitations and conducting preliminary assessments.

Consider a scenario where a large retail chain is looking to hire store managers across the country. A digital recruitment platform can help by collecting applications from various regions and assessing them based on predefined criteria. The system can then invite the top candidates for interviews, minimizing manual effort and reducing the time it takes to fill these vital positions.

Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are taking candidate experience to the next level. Companies are using VR to give candidates immersive office tours, and AR for interactive job previews. This not only engages candidates but also provides a more realistic understanding of the work environment, leading to better-informed decisions. The integration of VR and AR into the recruitment process is providing candidates with a glimpse into their potential future workplace. VR office tours allow candidates to experience the work environment, interact with virtual coworkers, and gain a deep understanding of the company culture. This technology provides a more immersive and engaging experience compared to traditional office tours or video presentations.

For example, a global tech firm looking to attract top talent can use VR to showcase its innovative office space, collaborative work environment, and dynamic company culture. Candidates, regardless of their physical location, can don a VR headset and explore the company's headquarters, making them feel more connected and excited about the prospect of working there.

AR, on the other hand, is enhancing job previews. Candidates can use AR apps on their smartphones or tablets to visualize their potential workspace, access interactive job descriptions, and even simulate tasks related to the position they're applying for. This hands-on experience empowers candidates to make better-informed decisions about whether the role aligns with their skills and career goals.

Gamification is being incorporated into the recruitment process to assess candidates' skills, personality, and cultural fit. Gamified assessments not only make the process more engaging but also help in identifying candidates who are a better match for the company's culture and values. Gamified assessments are a fun and interactive way to evaluate candidates' skills and cultural alignment. They typically involve games or challenges that are designed to reflect the real-world challenges that employees might face in their roles. One of the primary advantages of gamified assessments is their ability to assess soft skills that are often challenging to evaluate through traditional interviews or resumes. For instance, a company looking for a customer service representative might use a gamified assessment where candidates interact with virtual customers in various scenarios, testing their problem-solving, communication, and interpersonal skills. These assessments provide a more accurate insight into a candidate's abilities and how well they would fit within the company culture. Moreover, gamified assessments have a unique ability to engage candidates in the hiring process. Rather than dreading a lengthy, standard interview, candidates often enjoy participating in gamified assessments. This positive experience can leave candidates with a favourable impression of the company and boost their interest in the role, even if they don't advance to the next stage of the recruitment process.

The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of remote and hybrid work models. As a result, organizations are rethinking their approach to talent acquisition. Virtual onboarding, remote interviews, and flexible work arrangements are becoming the norm. This shift in mindset expands the talent pool by allowing organizations to hire from anywhere, increasing access to a diverse range of candidates. The pandemic forced organizations to reevaluate their approach to work, resulting in a rapid adoption of remote and hybrid work models. While these models were initially a response to the pandemic, they are now a long-term strategy for many organizations. Remote work has opened up new possibilities for talent acquisition. Employers are no longer restricted to hiring local talent; they can tap into a global talent pool. This shift has the potential to increase diversity and access to niche skill sets. For example, a marketing agency based in New York City can now hire a graphic designer from Barcelona or a content writer from Mumbai, expanding the diversity and skills within the organization. Remote and hybrid work models also offer flexibility to candidates. Professionals now expect more control over their work arrangements. They appreciate the opportunity to work remotely or choose a hybrid model that allows them to balance work and personal life more effectively. Companies that can accommodate these preferences stand a better chance of attracting and retaining top talent.

The future of talent acquisition is marked by innovation and adaptation to changing needs and expectations. The use of data-driven insights, digital platforms, emerging technologies like VR and AR, and a focus on employee experience, DEI, and continuous learning are the cornerstones of successful recruitment and retention strategies. By embracing these innovations, organizations can position themselves to thrive in the evolving world of work and secure a competitive advantage through the acquisition and retention of top talent.

In today's fast-paced business landscape, talent acquisition is a dynamic and essential function that can make or break an organization's success. The strategies discussed in this article represent the leading-edge practices that are transforming how companies attract, assess, and retain top talent. With the ever-increasing reliance on data analytics, organizations have a powerful tool to make more informed recruitment decisions. The use of digital recruitment platforms streamlines the process, offering a more efficient and candidate-centric experience. VR and AR create immersive candidate interactions, helping them visualize their future with the company. Gamified assessments offer a novel way to evaluate candidate skills and cultural fit. Remote and hybrid work models provide greater flexibility, expanding access to a diverse pool of talent. Employee experience initiatives help in retaining talent by creating a positive and supportive work environment. Continuous learning and upskilling programs keep employees competitive and adaptive in a rapidly changing job market. Lastly, DEI initiatives not only align with societal expectations but also foster innovation and company growth. By embracing these innovative trends, organizations can position themselves to excel in the evolving world of work and gain a competitive advantage through the recruitment and retention of top talent. The future of talent acquisition is about being agile, adaptable, and inclusive, and the organizations that embrace these changes will undoubtedly thrive in the coming years.

— Team Yuva Aaveg

(Adarsh Tiwari)

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India was undoubtedly protrude towards World Cup but India lost the match World Cup 2023 against Australia by six wickets at the Narendra Modi stadium in Ahmedabad on 19 November.

India will have to wait for another four year for ODI world cup. 

As the wait for World Cup trophy extend for more four year. May be in 2027 India may not have all these players but there is no doubt that this team is having the best players.

Let's have a look on the reason why India lost the World Cup 2023.

Australia won the toss and plump for bowling first, and this was the first disadvantage for Indian team because the pitch got one step ahead to bat under floodlight and this benevolence Australia team.

After a propitious start, The Mens in blue struggled to find boundaries. There was sharp wane in score after the first 10 overs significantly hinder the run rate. The target of 241 runs seems to be inadequate.

The pitch in Ahmedabad was dull witted and chauffeur and it played a decisive role. They were impotent to adapt the strategy well in second innings when the condition of pitch got changed.

The Indian team failed to build substantial partnership throughout the match. There was no significant collaboration except single half century between Virat Kohli and KL Rahul.

Shreyas Iyer and Surya Kumar Yadav couldn't contribute significantly as they were the middle order key players. Shreyas Iyer scored 4 runs and Surya Kumar Yadav scored 18.

The Australian side showed more courage and agressive batting throughout the match. If India were 47/3 while chasing 241, they would have gone into shell. Travis Head's run-a-ball hundred showcased their bravery. Talent alone doesn't secure tournament wins, that's the reality. Accepting the truth sooner is better," he said.

During the distress, former India opener Gautam Gambhir assigned Australia's 2023 final victory to their bravery.

After winning the toss, Pat Cummins chose to field. India gave to the target of 241 runs for Australia to chase but apart from KL Rahul (68), Virat Kohli (54), and Rohit Sharma (47), no other could make more than 20 runs. And India put just 240 runs on the scoreboard. They lost wickets at very crucial spot. 

Rohit Sharma lost his wicket in the 10th over, followed by Iyer in the 11th over. When Virat looked to accelerate the innings, he got dismissed. Same thing happened with K L Rahul.

For India Jasprit Bumrah took two wicket and Mohammad Shami and Travis Head took one wicket each.

While chasing 241 runs against India, Australia lost three wickets early but Travis Head 137 run in 120 balls led Australia boost up 6 World Cup.

A billion Indian hearts broke again but none more painful than that 11 who gave their all efforts and emotions during these 45 days. Rohit Sharma looked like he was holding his tears back, Virat Kohli hide his face by cap, Mohammad Siraj, KL Rahul, Bumrah they all couldn't control their emotions. 

India may not won the 2023 World Cup but they turned up and put on a show throughout the tournament has been nothing short of dream.

— Team Yuva Aaveg

(Avantika)

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Recently, The Supreme Court has delivered its long awaited verdict rejecting petitions to legalize same-sex marriage and delved deeper on the provisions of the special Marriage Act 1954 to examine the issue thoroughly, which have convergence and interrelationship with homosexuality.

34.1 What Petitioners Argued?

Petitioners through senior advocates including Mukul Rohatgi, Abhishek Manu Singhvi, Raju Ramachandran, Anand Grover, Geeta Luthra, K V Viswanathan, Saurabh Kripal and Menaka Guruswamy. Have stressed on the equality rights of the LGBTQIA+ community and pushed to acknowledge such a union which would ensure LGBTQIA lead a “dignified” life like heterosexuals.

They are also urging same-sex marriages to be accorded legal recognition under the Special Marriage Act(SMA) to grant dignity to their unions, other welfare benefits.

34.2 Observation of Supreme Court on same-sex marriage:-

A five-judge Constitution Bench of the apex court headed by Chief Justice of India D.Y. Chandrachud ruled in a 3:2 verdict against giving constitutional validity to same-sex marriages. The top court said it is for Parliament to formulate legislation on it.

The CJI, in his opinion, concludes that the court can neither strike down or read words into the Special Marriage Act (SMA) 1954 to include same sex members within the ambit of the SMA 1954.The top court said it is for Parliament and state Legislature to formulate laws on it. He also says in his opinion, "Queerness is neither urban nor elite". CJI Chandrachud says that it is incorrect to categorize marriage as a stagnant and unchanging institution.

34.3 Govt, States views and Global Acceptance on Same-Sex Marriage:-

On the first day, Solicitor General of India Tushar Mehta raised preliminary objections to the court's jurisdiction to hear this case. Later, Mehta argued that 160 laws would be impacted in the process of bringing marriage equality. Consequently, he said that Parliament is the only forum to make such laws.

The Narendra Modi govt opposed same-sex unions during the hearing, saying that 'the legislative policy of India has consciously validated a union only between a biological man and a biological woman. 'In May, the government submitted in the court that it would set up a panel headed by the cabinet secretary to examine administrative steps that could be taken to address "genuine concerns" of same-sex couples. Homosexuality is deemed contrary to Indian ideals and cultural norms. The government stressed the importance of legal stability and continuity, arguing against any abrupt changes that may trigger societal instability. It was argued that legal recognition of same-sex couples may influence children and adolescents’ understanding of relationship norms. The government highlighted that same-sex relationships are decriminalized and LGBTQ+ citizens have rights, but marriage legalization is a separate issue with broader implications. The issue of adoption by same-sex couples was brought into question, raising concerns about the child’s upbringing. There are concerns that allowing same-sex marriage will create legal problems, such as issues with inheritance, tax, and property rights.

Meanwhile, the Centre informed the top court that it had received responses from seven states on the plea seeking legal recognition for same-sex marriages. While Rajasthan, Assam, and Andhra Pradesh opposed the plea, the remaining four - Sikkim, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, and Manipur sought more time.

On September 6, 2018, a five-judge bench unanimously struck down Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), and thus decriminalized same-sex marriages between consenting adults.

Same-sex marriage is legal in many countries around the world, and denying this right to individuals in a democratic society goes against the global principles.

In 32 countries, same-sex marriage is legal. These include the United States, Canada, Australia, Argentina, South Africa and Taiwan. In 2019, Taiwan became the first Asian country to recognize same sex marriage. The legislation for it was brought in following a court ruling in 2017.In most countries that do so, marriage equality was introduced by legislation. It was recognized through a court ruling in only 10 countries.

34.4 Conclusion of Supreme Court Verdict:-

All five judges agree there is no fundamental right to marry. Supreme court refuses to grant constitutional validity to same-sex marriage by a 3:2 majority. Also, no constitutional or fundamental right to civil unions.

33.1 Air pollution:

It is contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment by any chemical, physical or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere. Household combustion devices, motor vehicles, industrial facilities and forest fires are common sources of air pollution. Pollutants of major public health concern include particulate matter, carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and Sulphur dioxide. Outdoor and indoor air pollution cause respiratory and other diseases and are important sources of morbidity and mortality.

33.2 Air quality index:

It is a number that tells us which pollutant is present in the air, in what amount, how sensitive it is for your health, etc. The Air Quality Index is acquired by measuring emissions of eight major pollutants present in the air: Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), Ozone (O3), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Lead (Pb) and Ammonia (NH3) emissions. Readings are noted every hour. Each country has their air quality indexes based on its air quality standards.

The AQI increases because of an increase in the emission of air pollutants; for example, during heavy traffic or forest fire, a high value of AQI is observed. In addition, due to anticyclone or temperature inversion, stagnant air leads to high concentrations of pollutants in the air. This results in chemical reactions between air pollutants and hazy conditions, thus increasing the AQI.

33.3 Winters & Indian capital city- New Delhi:

India is the most populous nation on the planet the world's fifth largest economy but also its eighth most polluted country. In many parts of India the onset of winter is not just signified by a chill in the air. It comes with breathing difficulties and poor visibility forcing schools and factories shut this is especially true for its capital city New Delhi, the third most polluted city in the world after Lahore in Pakistan and Wuhan in China. In India, children under the age of 18 are prohibited from smoking, yet those in Delhi smoke 15 cigarettes a day. That's because breathing the air in Delhi is equivalent to smoking 15 cigarettes a day the situation is never good here but matters get worse around this time of the year when pollution begins climbing to poisonous extremes it blankets streets in an opaque haze. Delhi's average air quality hovers between very poor and severe. In some parts of the city it worsens to hazardous with the air quality Crossing 650 or 700 at multiple spots. A satisfactory level of pollution is between 0 and 100 & we're talking about 700 here. Delhi's air quality is way past what is acceptable but this is hardly the only part of India that is having trouble breathing. Out of 30 most polluted cities in the world 22 are in India. The reasons for this may differ in Northern India this is the crop burning season. It accounts for a large chunk of the blame but in Mumbai India's coastal city the culprit is construction so different reasons but the same result. The situation is grave and India shares this crisis with many parts of the world like Chad, Iraq, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Air pollution causes strokes heart diseases lung cancer, respiratory disease even type 2diabetes. Every year about 7 million people die of air pollution. India contributes to more than a million of these. More than 1million Indians are dying year on year because of the air they breathe. In fact in 2019 air pollution killed more Indians than any other risk factor. In what world is this okay? It's the same story every year. Autumn comes and India's north swiftly turns into a gas chamber welcoming along line of health problems and even deaths. It hurts children and elderly. Alike the poor more than the rich, but it's a problem for everyone. What does the government do about it?  It declares a public health emergency. Schools are shut, construction projects are halted, trees are sprayed with water, and some farmers are given better crop disposal equipment. While politicians trade bitter accusations over who is to blame. In fact that's an important question. Who in fact is to blame and are we even asking this question to our leaders or have we accepted this breath of death as fate.  How often do we demand clean air? Is it on the manifesto of any political party? If yes what have they done about it? If no what have we done about it? It's time we do something demand cleaner air because in the end it may not be the pollution but our apathy that kills us.

33.4 How smog is affecting brand India?

 At first let's establish the link. A report from 2015, talks about then US President Barack Obama's visit to India, the visit was in the month of January so peak smog season in New Delhi. Now the headline reads “Mr. President, the world's worst air is taking 6 hours of your life”. That's not all Obama's wife Michelle Obama skipped most public events. Pollution was blamed again. Do you see the problem now? Obama was the first US president to attend India's Republic Day Parade. It was a key moment in India-US relations but what was the headline? The air quality, the same. It's the same story with the Cricket World Cup. The tournament is India's chance to shine. Our team is doing really well but look at the headlines. “Choking smog shrouds Cricket World Cup”, “Bangladesh play Sri-Lanka amid very unhealthy pollution in New Delhi”. Air pollution sparks alarm; dims World Cup cheer in India and don't dismiss these as random headlines. Investors read them, corporate leaders read them and when they do it impacts their thinking. 50% of India's GDP comes from outdoor sectors like construction or farming comparing that ratio to Europe, there's only 25% so if the air is bad these workers will suffer, their productivity will drop and the result some sort of impact on 50% of India's GDP. It's hard to say how much? One study mentioned losses up to $95billion every year. That's around two and a half of the GDP the World Bank. It also published a paper it said 4.5% of the GDP could beat risk by 2030 and that's not just because of air pollution it's because of climate change at large. It is quite simple air pollution affects the economy, it can also scare investors. Looking at the situation in China, many studies have linked China's air quality to Investments. One of them was quite comprehensive. It looked at more than 2,000 firms in 230 Chinese cities and what did they find? Higher pollution equals poor investments. Thus there is a margin of 7 to 8%. Take any sector. It's the same story like tourism, one of the biggest attractions in India is the Taj Mahal but now it's shrouded in smog. Not to mention the health risks, imagine falling sick on your holiday. It's guaranteed to ruin your whole plan and going forward this will be a major issue because India is increasingly in the Global Spotlight just think back to September New Delhi hosted the G-20 leaders' Summit. What if this meeting was held in December? The headlines would have been very different and governments need to understand this. One can give all the tax breaks one want, all the subsidies and cheap labor but that alone is not enough one must live somewhere to work there and right now India's capital is the borderline, the air quality index touched 500 last week. The ideal level one to fifty. We at 500, such readings have given the city a dark nickname “A gas chamber”. That's what Delhi has become? So how do we solve this problem? Well the first step is acknowledgement every government says pollution is the by product of development, sort of like a necessary evil but data says the opposite pollution is choking our citizens, it is affecting economic output, it is driving away investors and it's dimming brand India our leaders must admit that... first to tackle this problem.

— Team Yuva Aaveg

(Akhileshwar Maurya)

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Destiny was about to create a love story that would be imprinted into the fabric of forever in the charming seaside village of Serenity Bay. At the start of a voyage that would permanently entwine their hearts and spirits, two souls who had been searching for one another stood at the doorway. A story of love, passion, and fate was about to be revealed in this serene refuge by the sea, where the soft waves murmured secrets and the air brought the perfume of possibilities.

Free-spirited artist Amelia discovered her inspiration in the abandoned lighthouse beside the water. She would paint on the exact rocks and sands that cradled the secrets of the tides in the embrace of the weathered walls rather than on traditional canvases. With each brushstroke, she brought to life intricate patterns that mimicked the constellations above, while the ebb and flow of the water spoke to her soul. Her creations became a live illustration of the moon's and the sea's cyclical dance, a fleeting masterpiece that was washed away by the high tide just to be revived by the sunrise. Visitors to Serenity Bay would be in awe at her fleeting masterpieces and just enjoy the moment while aware that they could never completely preserve their essence.

Caleb, a writer with a god-gifted talent, resided on the opposite side of the city where the whispering of the old oak trees seemed to echo past tales. He was well recognized for the captivating tales he enchanted with his voice rather than the novels he wrote on paper. He would assemble the villagers under the grove's starry canopy each evening as the sun began to set. He told stories that went beyond reality with a flicker of his eyes and a touch of his soul, leading his listeners on adventures beyond their wildest dreams.

The residents of Serenity Bay would watch captivated as his words created vivid scenes in their minds, and they would remember the spirit of his tales long after the last campfire spark had vanished. The grove was transformed into a place of wonder and dreams because of Caleb's storytelling talent, where the lines between truth and fiction blurred and the hearts of everyone present were irrevocably altered.

The seaside community of Serenity Bay was buzzing with enthusiasm at its annual arts and crafts fair on a hot July day. Amelia's colorful paintings shone out among the many booths like a beacon, attracting the interest of onlookers and art fans alike, including the reclusive author Caleb. He was attracted to figure out more about the artist who made her work in light of the unfiltered sentiments it revealed.

Caleb gathered some strength to draw nearer to Amelia while as yet feeling somewhat anxious. Her eyes shimmered with appreciation as he complimented her ability, and a warm smile illuminated her face. They found themselves lost in a discussion that streamed smoothly, similar to the delicate tide stroking the coast, regardless of the clamoring fair around them. The underlying foundations of a unique love story were planted at that exact instant when it seemed like time had stopped and the world was loaded up with an ensemble of variety and innovativeness.

Amelia was enchanted by Caleb's strange quality and wound up convinced of the possibility of uncovering the mysteries contained in the most natural-sounding way for him. She welcomed him to go to her cottage, where motivation and creativity moved as one with the ocean air, with radiance in her eyes.

They wondered about the opportunity of their gathering as they sat in the comfortable confines of Amelia's home, encompassed by her dynamic fine art and the weak reverberations of the ocean's melody. They met at the best time, as though the world had intended to unite them. This unplanned gathering started a nonsensical love that appeared to be essentially as old as the oak trees safeguarding their town.

The charm of recently discovered love appeared to reverberate in the air as they sat together enjoying tea. Amelia and Caleb shared stories that fell into place without a hitch for them, similar to lifelong companions who had been separated for some time but were presently back together. Their deepest thoughts were interwoven like the delicate tendrils of a vine, and dreams were exchanged like priceless gems. As if the passage of time had been rendered meaningless and they were merely reconnecting with a link that had persisted through eons past, each word said revealed another depth of their souls.

They realized that their meeting had not just been a coincidence but rather the result of a beautifully composed symphony of fate and destiny as the sun dropped below the horizon and put a warm warmth on their faces. The echoes of Amelia and Caleb's love story began to ricochet through the sands of time at that point, beginning an astonishing journey that would leave an enduring impression on the fabric of their lives.

Their love story developed like a picture the gods had created. Inspired by Caleb's beautiful words, Amelia's artwork developed in new directions, and Caleb's stories came to life with hues and feelings he had never felt before. Together, they enjoyed Serenity Bay's beauties by strolling down the beach, dancing beneath the stars, and writing love notes for one another among the oak trees.

Amelia and Caleb went through the difficulties that all lasting relationships must face throughout their love story. While Caleb struggled with inner issues that put his dedication to their relationship to the test, Amelia's heart yearned for travel and the allure of faraway locations. They may have been driven apart by the weight of their different callings, but destiny appeared to have other ideas.

Their relationship became stronger with each challenge they encountered, and their love showed resiliency by overcoming both time and space barriers. Every time it appeared that fate may separate them, the cosmos worked to reunite them, creating a web of synchronicities that drew their spirits even closer.

When Amelia set off on her trips, the lyrical spirit of Caleb was there in her art, giving it a richness and depth that could only come from the depths of love. Amelia's adventurous energy served as a compass for Caleb when he became lost in his inner battles, assisting him in navigating the choppy waters within.

They discovered that genuine love was the ability to overcome difficulties together rather than the absence of difficulties. Every challenge they faced and every gap they covered only strengthened their love, making it deeper and more durable.

A symbolic sculpture that perfectly combines Amelia's artistic talent and Caleb's words was built in the center of the seaside town by Amelia and Caleb as a memorial to their love for future generations. The sculpture showed a couple cuddling while standing in front of an ocean and an oak tree, eternally immortalizing their special love tale.

Amelia and Caleb's love, therefore, remained a source of inspiration, serving as a reminder to everyone that real love transcends time, distance, and imagination in the fantastical hamlet of Serenity Bay. Here, art and literature danced with the waves. It serves as a poignant reminder that when two souls meet one another, they forge a love tale so enthralling that it endures forever, like an endless symphony of love.

Amelia and Caleb's persistent commitment to one another became evidence of the power of real love; a love that valued exploration and personal development but found its foundation in the sanctuary of their hearts, where they stayed inseparably linked. Together, they made a romantic tale so significant that it perpetually helped the world to remember the boundless force of adoration, leaving its imprint on the ways of the world as well as on the structure of the universe.

— Ayushi Pandey

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