युवा आवेग

11.1 Exploration of the movie :

11.2 Politics around the film :

11.3 Learnings from the movie :

Important lessons that movie delivered to the audience:-

11.4 Conclusion :

10.1 Introduction:

Human psychology is a fascinating subject, and understanding the intricacies of how our minds work can be a valuable skill in various aspects of life. Reverse psychology is a technique that involves persuading someone to do something by suggesting they do the opposite, is one such intriguing psychological tool. Whether you're dealing with children, negotiating in business, or even navigating personal relationships, mastering the arts of reverse psychology can prove to be a powerful asset. In this article, we are going to study the concept of reverse psychology, explore its mechanism and provide some practical tips on how to employ it effectively.

10.2 What is Reverse Psychology?

10.3 Mechanism:

10.4 Implementation:

10.5 Case Study:

10.6 Conclusion: 

Image Source

ChatGPT is an AI-powered language model developed by OpenAI. It is based on the   Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT-3.5) architecture, which is especially designed to engage in interactive conversations with users. ChatGPT can understand and generate human-like text responses, making it well-suited for chatbot applications, customer support and content generation. 

This model has been transformed on a large amount of text data from the internet, allowing it to learn patterns, grammar and information across a wide range of topics. It uses a transformer-based architecture, which employs self-attention mechanism to capture relationships between words and generate coherent and contextually relevant responses. 

ChatGPT has the ability to maintain context and understand the flow of a conversation, referencing previous messages to provide appropriate replies. It can handle various tasks such as answering questions, offering suggestions, providing explanations, and engaging in multi-turn conversations.

9.1 Beauty of this language:-

1) Language Understanding: ChatGPT has been trained on a vast amount of text data, allowing it to understand and generate human-like responses across a wide range of topics. It can comprehend complex sentences, follow context, and provide relevant information. 

For example, 

2) Versatility: ChatGPT can handle various tasks, including answering questions, providing explanations, giving suggestions, engaging in conversations and more. Its versatility makes it a useful tool in many domains and for different purposes.

For example,

3) Natural Language Generation: The model excels at generating coherent and contextually appropriate responses. It can mimic human conversation patterns, use appropriate grammar and vocabulary, and produce detailed and informative replies.

For example,

4) Context Awareness: ChatGPT maintains an understanding of the conversation's context, allowing it to respond appropriately to user queries and follow-ups. It can reference previous messages and provide continuity in the conversation.

For example,

5) Availability: As an AI-powered assistant, ChatGPT is available 24/7 and can assist multiple users simultaneously. It provides instant responses, eliminating the need to wait for human support in many cases.

6) No Bias or Prejudice: ChatGPT does not have personal opinions, biases, or emotions. It provides information objectively, treating all uses fairly and equally.

7) Privacy and Security: As an AI language model, it respect users privacy and does not show personal data. It operates within the boundaries of the conversation and does not retain any identifiable information.

8) Scalability: It can handle a large volume of conversations simultaneously, making it suitable for applications with high user demand.

9.2 Shortcomings in the wits of this language:-

9.3 More to explore:-

Martha Stewart, nee Martha Helen Kostyra is an American entrepreneur, American businesswoman, writer and television personality. She was born on 3 August, 1941 in Jersey City of New Jersey. 

Martha Stewart gained success in various field of business, encompassing publishing, broadcasting, merchandising and e commerce. She is the founder of Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia. She has written number of bestselling books and is the publisher of Martha Stewart Living magazine. She hosted two syndicated television programs, one is Martha Stewart Living which ran from 1993 to 2004 and other The Martha Stewart Show which ran from 2005 to 2012.

Martha Stewart is the second child of her parents. Her parents Edward Kostyra(1912–1979) and Martha(nee Ruszkowski; 1914–2007) were teachers, after that her father become pharmaceutical salesman. Her family moved to Nutley New, Jersey when Stewart was three year old. She adopted the name 'Grace' for her catholic Confirmation name.

Stewart used to innovate domestic lifestyle who built a catering business into an international media and home furnishing corporation, Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia inc.

Martha grew up in a polish American household in Nutley, New Jersey where the traditional art of cooking, sewing, canning preserving, gardening and housekeeping is practiced. She used to plan birthday parties for neighbour children while she was in grammar school and also used to do modeling job in New York City to pay her college tuition. 

She married a law student Andrew Stewart in 1961. Alexis, daughter of Stewart was born in the year 1965 and She divorced in 1990. She worked as occasional babysitter for the children of Mickey Mantle, Yogi Berra and Gil McDougald and all players for the New York Yankees. She also began modelling and went on to appear commercials and in magazines, including one of Tareyton's "Smokers would rather fight than switch!" cigarette advertisements. At her college period, she supplemented scholarship through modelling jobs which was enough for that time. 

Stewart started catering business in 1976 in her basement. The venture become successful but it was little difficult to work and also was also taking catering jobs on the side. Andrew had become the president of New York City publisher Harry N. Abrams Inc. He was responsible for releasing the English language edition of The Secret book of Gnomes series, by Dutch authors Wil Huygen and Rien Poortvliet, which quickly became a blockbuster success and was on The New York Times Best Seller list. 

Stewart released many books under the Clarkson Potter publishing imprint, including Martha Stewart's Pies and Tarts (1985), Weddings (1987), Martha Stewart's Hors d'Oeuvres (1984) which was also ghostwritten by Elizabeth Hawes, The Wedding Planner (1988), Martha Stewart 's Quick Cook Menus (1988), and Martha Stewart's Christmas (1989), among others. She also authored dozen of newspaper, magazine articles and other pieces on homemaking and numerous television appearance on programs such as The Oprah Winfrey show and Larry King Live.

Martha Stewart has become sports illustrated's oldest cover model ever, posing for the magazine's annual swimsuit edition at the age of 81. 

Stewart said in an interview, 'When I heard that I was going to be on the cover of sports Illustrated swimsuit, I thought: ' Oh, well that's pretty good; I'm gonna be the oldest person, I think, ever on the cover of Sports Illustrated'.

And I don't think about age very much, but I thought that this is kind of historic and that I better look really good." 

Stewart's cover shoot means she is now the oldest woman to ever pose for Sports Illustrated's swimsuit issue. 

 Stewart wrote on Instagram, "My motto has always been: ' when you're through changing, you're through,' so I thought, why not be up for this opportunity of a lifetime?" 

I hope this cover inspires you to challenge yourself to try new things, no matter what stage of life you are in."

— Team Yuva Aaveg

(Avantika)

To keep yourself updated!!

Join our channels

Telegram    Whats App

      For centuries, the temple of Borobudur slumbered in the jungle, like sleeping beauty, overgrown with trees and entangled in vines. Only rediscovered in the nineteenth century, the attraction of the temple of Borobudur today draws Buddhist pilgrims and tourists alike.

              Location- Magelang Regency

                               Central Java              

                                Indonesia 

             Coordinates- 7.608°5110.204°E 

             Built - built in the 9th century

                        during the reign of the

                         SAILENDRA DYNASTY

             Restored - 1911

             Restored by-  Theodoor Ero

             Architect - Gunadharma

  The temple hill in the jungle was rediscovered in 1814 in the course of an expedition led by the governor of Java. Sir Thomas Stanford Raffles who put the temple on the map. The first part of the complex would only be cleared in 1835 as archaeologists and other experts, recognizing that a great treasure lay buried under the mounds of volcanic debris, trees and thick overgrowth, were increasingly drawn to the site. They campaigned for the ruins and battled for their preservation. However it was only in 1955, following years of ongoing diplomatic negotiations that the government of Indonesia in concert with UNESCO come to an agreement permitting the temple's excavation and restoration. The work finally began in 1973 upon its completion in 1983, Borobudur shone with all its ancient glory the spirit of Buddha was one's again present.

7.1 Structure:

At first glance, Borobudur resembles a stepped pyramid. The structure itself consists of nine levels, in plan nearly square, with a total area of about 15000 m^2. At top these are six galleries, also nearly square, decreasing in size as they rise, followed by three circular terraces with 72 steps. At the very top lies the main steps, a pagoda with a diameter of nearly 11 meters. The six square galleries are decorated in figure reliefs depicting the life and work of Buddha. Their combined length is over 5km.

7.2 Why and who established the temple?

 The temple of Borobudur represents the central highest truth of Buddhism the universe (Acc. to Buddhism) divided into three part-

1) KAMADHATU - Occupied by humans, is a world of wishes and desires

2) RUPADHATU - is the transitional world in which people are freed from their physical form and attachments to worldly things.

3) ARUPADHATU- the world of the gods, a perfect world of complete enlightenment.

 Borobudur is built by the Mahatma Buddha. This temple is established according to this vision of the world. Every parts of the temple complex is dedicated to one of these three realism of existence.

7.3 Facts:

1) UNESCO: World Cultural list: Borobudur was placed on the UNESCO world cultural heritage list in 1991.

2) BUDDHA: The Enlightened one, a being who has achieved Ponti completeness of spirit and limitless unfolding of his potential: perfect wisdom and endless empathy living things.

3) Sir Thomas Stanford Raffles (1781-1826)

The British explorer and scientist who founded the city of Singapore and was named governor of Java in 1811. In 1814 he rediscovered the Buddhist temple complex of Borobudur while exploring the area for new plant species.

6.1 Introduction: 

Internal Security can be defined as the management of security within the border of a country. It means the management of peace and law and order and upholding the sovereignty of the country. In our country, Internal security comes under the purview of the MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS.

Threats to internal security of India have been in existence for quite some time. These threats have been highlighted in various publications and reports. For instance, the publication Global Risks Atlas 2012, lists out societal resilience or governance and tasks taking into consideration terrorism, conflict resource security, economic security and considering aspects related to climate changes. It lists India as a ‘high risk’ category on security. Several risk factors are identified in case of India, particularly terrorism and political violence. 

From independence India has tackled homegrown insurgencies, externally felled rebellions, military and terrorism. At a time when we, as a nation, are concerned about external threats from countries. It is crucial to give equal importance to our internal security. In fact, the two go together hand in hand and a peaceful, united country can face external threats with great confidence and efficiency. 

The nature and the scope of threats faced by India are varied and vast. The complex threats which India faces originate not only within the borders but some of their sources lie beyond our border. Some of the activities of our neighboring counties, particularly Pakistan, China, Bangladesh and Myanmar have been a cause of concern. 

The poor state of India’s internal security situation may be because of a week criminal justice system which fails too adequately punish criminals. It may also be due to an unfavorable strategic environment. 

*External security: -Management of security against aggression by a foreign country. External security is the sole domain of the Armed forces of a country. This comes under the ambit of MINISTRY OF DEFENCE.

6.2 Dimensions of Internal security of India: 

In view of these definitions, it may be practicable to list the various dimensions of internal security such as armed rebellion, political security, economic security, environmental security and cyber security.

The multifarious threats to the Internal Security of India are purportedly showing signs of resurgence as per recent events.

About: -Recent events in news have brought the multifarious internal security threat again in limelight as follows: Recent Naxal attack in Chhattisgarh just before state assembly elections. Also, the Grenade attack in Amritsar during a religious ceremony in Nirankari Bhawan, seen by some as a sign of resurgence of Khalistan movement. The incessant attack on India soldiers and policeman in Jammu and Kashmir.

6.3 Institutions to Strengthen Internal Security: 

  1) National Investigation Agency (NIA)

  2) The Multi-Agency Centre (MAC)        

  3) National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID)

  4) Combating Financing of Terrorism (CFT cell)

6.4 Various Challenges to India’s Internal security:

1) Nasalism: - Among the internal security perils afflicting India, an alarmingly burgeoning in LWE (Left-wing extremists, popularly known known as Maoists worldwide and as Naxalites/Nasalism in India, has been a major threat to India since the 1960’s, the term Nasalism derives from the name of the Naxalbari village in West Bengal where a peasant revolt took place against local lands lords over a land dispute in 1967.

2) Terrorism: - Pathankot attack that took place on 31’st December 2015, the attack of 26/11 on the Taj hotel, Indian parliament attack in 2001 etc. are the grim reminders how fatal the menace of terrorism can be.

3) Insurgency: - Insurgency in Northeast India involves multiple armed factions among which some favor a separate state while others seek regional autonomy. Some groups demand complete independence.

4) Separatist movements: - Separatism is the advocacy of cultural ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, governmental or gender separatism from the larger groups. As with secession, separatism conventionally refers to full political separation. Groups simply seeking greater autonomy are not separatist as such. 

Separation feeling in some states of India, notably Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Asam and in Naxal-Maoist afflicted regions are major threat to unity and integrity of India.

5) Illegal Migration: - In 2000, India with its net migration being 6.3 million persons ranked the sixth among the top ten countries in the world with largest international migrant population. 

Identity threat for local population, demographic changes, recruitment of migrants by anti-state actors etc. Are some of the security issues posed by migrants.

6) Cyber driven crimes: - Cybercrime is a crime involving a computer or computer network. The computer may have been used in committing the crime, or it may have been the target.

With cybercrimes opening as a new battlefront, India needs to fortify its information networks against malware. 

7) Drug trafficking: - This two-way illegal movement of narcotics and drugs pose a significant threat to the national security ass the breach of international borders indicates that arms smuggling, and infiltration is equally feasible along with terror financing by the money generated by the illegal sale of narcotics and drugs. 

  The 43rd Report the concerned Parliamentary Standing Committee, the Ministry of Home Affairs has brought out that “210 of the 535 districts in the country are affected by serious internal security problems or public disorders.” and almost 40 percent of areas facing serious disorders of one or the other kind.

6.5 Conclusion:

The weaking of the federal structure, increasing economic inequalities and the rise of communalism are creating fissures in society and pose a real threat to the country. Talking the people along on the path of development and secularism is the only way to ensure India from internal and external vulnerabilities.

— Team Yuva Aaveg

(Praveen Kumar Maurya)

To keep yourself updated!!

Join our channels

Telegram    Whats App

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Challenges in Border Villages (need of VVP)

5.3 VVP: Boosting Infrastructural Development, Aiming reverse migration

5.4 VVP: Bringing N-East in Prime Focus

5.5 VVP: In response to Chinese Aggression

5.6 Conclusion

5.1 Introduction:

Union Home Minister Amit Shah launched Vibrant Villages Programme in Kibithu, the Eastern most village of Arunachal Pradesh which was overrun by Chinese troops in 1st phase of 1962 Indo-China war. The centrally sponsored scheme has a budget of allocation of 4800 crores which covers over 2967 villages in 46 blocks under 19 districts which are located along the border areas of Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand Himachal Pradesh and Union territory of Ladakh. In the first phase 662 villages have been prioritized under the scheme out of which 455 villages are located at Indo-China border of Arunachal Pradesh. The programme seeks to improve the quality of life in border villages, aiming to encourage villagers to stay at native locations, prevent migration. Road connectivity, Health care centers, basic facilities such as Water and Electricity from renewable sources such as solar and wind energy, Internet connectivity are the different sectors receiving heavy investments for rapid development.

5.2 Challenges in Border Villages (need of VVP):

The social and economic development of border areas was a must since we gained independence from the British but there have been several factors that has challenged the development of these areas such as difficult terrain, constant aggression from the Chinese and mainly our mindset of not developing these areas. This created a huge gap between the mainland area and the border areas especially in North-Eastern regions of Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim. Basic facilities such as water and electricity never reached here. Water crisis remains a major problem as women's have to travel long distances to get fresh drinking water. Due to lack of economic opportunities migration started from these areas. These areas have rich sites of tourist attraction but due to lack of connectivity infrastructural development it couldn't attract tourism.

5.3 VVP: Boosting Infrastructural Development, Aiming reverse Migration

The programme seeks to develop the infrastructure of border villages by improving road connectivity. Its primary focus is to provide basic facilities such as clean drinking water, electricity, Internet connectivity, and health care centers. It also aims to develop tourist centers health care infrastructure and wellness center. All these infrastructure developments will result in comprehensive development of villages of blocks on the northern borders. Thus, improving the quality of life of people living in the identified border villages. This will help encourage people to stay in their native locations in border areas and reverse the out migration from these villages adding to improved security of border.

5.4 VVP: Bringing N-East in Prime Focus

The northern borders of our country are blessed with scenic natural beauty salubrious weather, rich biodiversity, rare wildlife, historical sites, distinct cultural and ethnic heritage, and warm and welcoming people. The development of these areas will attract a lot of tourists, which will provide economic opportunities for the locals. There are various festivals celebrated here, which are gaining worldwide importance such as the Hornbill festival of Nagaland organized every year from December 1 to December 10. Parshuram Kund located in Arunachal Pradesh has attracted foreign tourists in recent past and the development of these areas though VVP will certainly help in filling the gaps which were created a long back and it will lead to overall social and economic development of border areas.

5.5 VVP: In response to Chinese Aggression

Infrastructural development cannot be interlinked with the protection and security of border areas, but it is a well-established fact that "local residents" living in the northern borders are the 1st line of defense.  "Border Area" is not just a piece of land, it is full of people, their loyalties towards their nation, especially the Indo-Tibetan communities. In the current global scenario, India's strategic culture has changed. Our stand in geopolitics is in a stronger position than it was during the post-independence period. Our defensive mindset to approach things has now changed in nature. The Vibrant Villages Programme is outcome of our offensive policy against our northern Neighbour country China. The mindset of Beijing is clear i.e. "If you are strong enough, they'll see you but if you are weak, they will crush you." Xi Jinping always want to assert hegemony over other nations and to show Chinese superiority. The program strengthens our border villages and gives a clear message to the PLA about the stand of India in its core national interest. The Chinese propaganda of claiming land by establishing settlements is not going to work furthermore. Seven new battalions including 9,400 personnel have been raised in Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) forces to keep our borders protected, which is a good response to recent Chinese aggression in Twang region.

5.6 Conclusion:

The vibrant villages program aims for social economic development of our border areas, preventing migration which also helps us in strengthening our internal security along northern borders has the best security of a nation lies in its people and their development.

— Team Yuva Aaveg

(Akhileshwar Maurya)

To keep yourself updated!!

Join our channels

Telegram    Whats App

The movie "Cocaine Bear" offers a hypothetical or theoretical overview that what happen when a black bear found several pounds of Cocaine in Georgia in 1985.

Cocaine Bear is an American, comedy, thriller and horror movie released in some countries in the year 2023. Cocaine bear (released as crazy bear) directed by Elizabeth Banks and written by Jimmy Warden. This movie is inspired by the true story of American black bear "Cocaine Bear" that ingested 75 Ib (34 kg) of lost Cocaine. Stars of the movie are Kery Russell, O Shea Jackson Jr., Margo Martindale, Brooklynn  Prince, Christian Convery, Elden Ehrenreich, Isiah Whitlock Jr. and Ray Liotta. The film is dedicated to Liotta, who died in May in the year 2022. 

The 60 minutes documentary dives deep into the Bizarre actual events behind the hit Hollywood movie Cocaine Bear. The documentary Cocaine Bear tells about the story of Kentucky Blueblood drew Thornton and the infamous drug run that will forever link him to Georgia bear on Cocaine. 

In this hit Hollywood movie Cocaine Bear, a big bag full of cocaine drops out of the sky into the woods of North Georgia which is later eaten by a black bear, who goes on an epic rampage. This all seems like fantasy but it is based on true story.

An American Bear who died after ingesting overdose of cocaine. The cocaine was dropped out from a plane which is under the pilot of Andrew Thornton, a convicted drug smuggler who died on 11 September in Knoxville, Tenne., Because he was carrying too heavy load while Parachuting. 

U.P.I reported, "The Bureau said the bear was found Friday in Northern Georgia among 40 opened plastic containers with the trace of cocaine." The bear was found dead in the mountains of Fannin country, just south of Tennessee border. 

The story behind Cocaine Bear went viral on social media before releasing. Cocaine Bear was theatrically released on 24 February, 2023. The film was released on premium video on demand service after two weeks of theatrical release on 14 March 2023.

Directed by:                  Elizabeth Banks

Written by:                    Jimmy Warden 

Edited by:                     Joel Negron

Cinematography:          John

                                     Gulserian       

Produced by:                Phil lord 

                                     Christopher Miller

                                     Aditya Sood

                                     Elizabeth Banks

                                     Brain Duffield

                                     Max handelman

Staring:                        Keri Russell

                                     O'Shea Jackson jr.

                                     Christian Convery

                                     Alden Ehrenreich

                                     Brooklyn prince

                                     Ray Liotta

                                     Margo Martindale

                                     Isiah Whitlock Jr.

Music by:                    Mark

                                    Mothersbaugh

Production company:  Lord Miller Production

                                    Brownstone Production

                                    Jurassic Party Production

 Release Date:             24 February 2023 (United States)

Running time:             95 minutes

Country:                      United States

Language:                    English 

 Box office:                  $85.9 million

Budget:                         $30-35 million

— Team Yuva Aaveg

(Avantika)

To keep yourself updated!!

Join our channels

Telegram    Whats App

 आज भी राजनैतिक मुद्दों में यह प्रश्न अपनी अहम भूमिका निभाता है कि सरदार वल्लभ भाई पटेल जैसे एक बेहतर ‘मध्यस्थ’ और ‘व्यवस्थापक’ के रूप में नेतृत्व करने वाला नेता, प्रथम प्रधानमंत्री क्यूं नहीं बन सका या महात्मा गांधी जी ने उन्हें कांग्रेस के अध्यक्ष के पद से क्यूं नामांकन के लिए रोका| यह तो केवल बापू ही कर सकते है|

3.1: कांग्रेस कार्य समिति की बैठक –

द्वितीय विश्वयुद्ध के बाद जब अंग्रेजी हुकूमत भारत में अपना दम तोड़ चुकी थी| तब आजादी से 1 वर्ष पहले देश की सरकार की बागडोर लेने के लिए 29 अप्रैल सन 1946 में कांग्रेस कार्यसमिति की बैठक हुई| जिसमें पार्टी का नया अध्यक्ष चुना जाना था इस बैठक में महात्मा गांधी के अलावा राजेंद्र प्रसाद, अब्दुल गफ्फार खान के साथ कई बड़े कांग्रेसी नेता शामिल है|

इस समय कांग्रेस अध्यक्ष पद का चुनाव प्रांतीय कमेटियां करती थी| 15 में से 12 प्रांतीय कांग्रेस कमेटी ने सरदार पटेल का नाम प्रस्तावित किया था| बची हुई तीन कमेटियों ने आचार्य जे बी कृपलानी और बी पी सीतारमैया का नाम प्रस्तावित किया|

परंतु गांधी जी ने नेहरू के लिए मन बना लिया था| अब इस अध्यक्ष पद के दो उम्मीदवार थे, एक नेहरू और दूसरे पटेल|

नेहरू तभी निर्विरोध अध्यक्ष चुने जा सकते थे, जब पटेल अपने नाम की वापसी ले| उस समय गांधी जी ने पटेल की ओर देखा फिर नेहरू की ओर और कहा, "जवाहर वर्किंग कमिटी के अलावा किसी भी प्रांतीय कांग्रेसी कमेटी ने तुम्हारा नाम नहीं सुझाया है, तुम क्या कहना चाहोगे?" 

नेहरू खामोश रहे! पटेल ने अपना नाम वापस ले लिया और इस तरह से कांग्रेस अध्यक्ष पद के लिए नेहरू जी को चुना गया| 

इस घटना का जिक्र हमें कृपलानी जी द्वारा लिखी , 'गांधी: हिज लाइफ एंड थॉट' में मिलता है|

3.2 गांधीजी ने नेहरू को ही आगे क्यों बढ़ाया ?

जब दुर्गादास (वरिष्ठ पत्रकार) जी ने यह सवाल गांधी जी से पूछा, तो गांधीजी ने कहा कि "नेहरू बतौर कांग्रेस अध्यक्ष अंग्रेजी हुकूमत से बेहतर तरीकों से अंतरराष्ट्रीय तथा राष्ट्रीय संबंध में वार्ता कर सकते है|" 

गांधीजी ने हंसकर कहा कि, " जवाहर हमारे कैंप में अकेला अंग्रेज है|" 

जब उन्हें लगा कि पत्रकार दुर्गादास इस जवाब से संतुष्ट नहीं हुए तो उन्होंने कहा कि, "नेहरू अंतरराष्ट्रीय विषयों को पटेल के मुकाबले अच्छा समझते हैं| यह दोनों सरकारी बैलगाड़ी को खींचने के लिए दो बैल है| अंतरराष्ट्रीय कार्यों के लिए नेहरू तथा राष्ट्रीय कार्यों के लिए पटेल एक अच्छी भूमिका निभाएंगे|"

गांधीजी ने नेहरू को कांग्रेस का अध्यक्ष चुनने के कई कारणों को बताया परंतु ना उनसे किसी ने इस पर प्रश्न किया और ना ही उन्होंने इन कारणों का कोई स्पष्टीकरण दिया||

गांधीजी का नेहरू के लिए इस प्रकार सोचना सही भी था क्योंकि उस समय बाहरी दुनिया में नेहरू की चर्चा होती थी| लंदन के कहवा घरों में बुद्धिजीवियों के बीच तथा तमाम वायसरॉयो जैसे कि क्रिप्स आदि में नेहरू चर्चों का केंद्र बनते थे|

3.3 इस फैसले पर गांधी जी की आलोचना -

गांधी जी के इस फैसले के लिए उन्हें तब और अब भी आलोचनाओं में होकर गुजरना पड़ता है| जैसे कि-

(१) दुर्गादास की किताब 'इंडिया फ्रॉम कर्ज़न टू नेहरू' में लिखा है कि, "राजेंद्र प्रसाद ने मुझसे कहा कि गांधी जी ने ग्लैमरस नेहरू के लिए अपने विश्वसनीय साथी का बलिदान कर दिया|" हालांकि गांधी जी का इस पर प्रतिक्रिया हंस कर देने वाली थी| 

(२) वर्तमान प्रधानमंत्री मोदी जी, "देश में कांग्रेस के नेतृत्व करने के लिए चुनाव हुआ जिसमें 15 में से 12 प्रांतीय कमेटियां कांग्रेस ने सरदार वल्लभभाई पटेल को चुना था| उसके बावजूद भी नेतृत्व सरदार वल्लभ भाई पटेल को नहीं दिया गया,वह कौन सा लोकतंत्र था? अगर देश के प्रथम प्रधानमंत्री सरदार वल्लभभाई पटेल होते तो कश्मीर हमारा होता|" (लोकसभा में मोदी जी)

3.4 सरदार पटेल भारत के लौह पुरुष -

सरदार वल्लभ भाई पटेल जिन्होंने भारत को एकजुट किया| जब अंग्रेज भारत छोड़ रहे थे, तब 562 रजवाड़ों में सिर्फ तीन को छोड़कर विलय का फैसला लिया| यह तीन रजवाड़े थे कश्मीर, जूनागढ़ और हैदराबाद वह सरदार भाई पटेल ही थे| जिन्होंने पूरे भारत को एक किया|

वैसे भारत के लिए एक उत्तम प्रधानमंत्री पद के लिए उत्कृष्ट प्रखर सेनानी थे|

जब 30 जनवरी सन 1948 में महात्मा गांधी के निधन हुआ| तो पूरे राष्ट्र में एक दुखद और राजनीति के सौरमंडल में रोशनी को देने जैसा था|

तब सरदार भाई पटेल एक सूरज की भांति सामने आए और उन्होंने कहा की, "गांधी हमारे मार्गदर्शक हैं और हम उनके सिपाही और अब हमारा नेतृत्व जवाहरलाल नेहरु करेंगे अब हम गांधी जी के द्वारा प्रस्तावित मार्ग पर चलेंगे|"

यदि वल्लभभाई पटेल को उस समय कांग्रेस अध्यक्ष पद पर बैठा भी दिया जाता तो भी आजाद भारत के 3 साल बाद ही हमें अपना प्रथम प्रधानमंत्री दुर्भाग्यवश खोना पड़ता|

लेकिन सरदार वल्लभभाई पटेल बादलों के पीछे सूरज के भारतीय थे| उनका नाम देश में महात्मा गांधी, सुभाष चंद्र बोस इत्यादि नेताओं की भांति ही अमर और अविस्मरणीय रहेगा|

यहां महात्मा गांधी ‘द्रोणाचार्य’, जवाहरलाल नेहरु ‘अर्जुन’ और सरदार वल्लभभाई पटेल ‘एकलव्य’ जैसे प्रतीत होते है|

-टीम युवा आवेग    

   (दीक्षा यादव) 

To keep yourself updated!!

Join our channels

Telegram    Whats App

         As per the government report, around 23% of girls in India are sexually abused or harassed before 18 years of age. In most cases, the parents do not complain because the abuser is known to them.

         The POCSO Act was enacted in consequence to India’s ratification of the UN convention on the Right of the child in 1992 came into effect on November 14,2012. The aim of this special low is to address offences of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse of children, which were either not specifically defined or in adequately penalized. 

It is defined as “an Act to protect children from offences of sexual assault, sexual harassment and pornography and provide for the establishment of special courts for the trial of such offences and matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.”

         It was passed in 2012 under the Ministry of Women and child development.

         The Act was amended in 2019, to make provisions for enhancement of punishments for various offences so as to defer the perpetrators and ensure safety , security and dignified childhood for a child .

         Amidst the debate on the poor conviction sale under POCSO and a lowering of the age of consent from 18 years to 16 years (though rejected by the central government), it is worth evaluating its impact on the ground.

2.1 Punishment and offences covered under the POCSO Act 2012:

         The POCSO act was enacted to protect children aged less than 18 from sexual assault sexual harassment and pornography.

1.      The Act defines a child as any person below eighteen years of age.
2.      It prescribes rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than ten years but which extend to imprisonment for life and also fine as punishment for aggravated penetrative sexual assault.
3.      It also prescribes punishment who traffic children for sexual purposes.
4.      The Act also provides for punishment against false complains or untrue information.
5.      The act was amended in 2019 to increase the minimum punishment from seven years to ten years. If further adds that if a person commits penetrative sexual assault on a child below the age of 16 years, he will be punishable with imprisonment between 20 years to life, with a fine.
6.      Aggravated penetrative sexual assault under POCSO Act 2012, is the equivalent provision for aggravated rape.
7.      A person can be charged with this offence on certain aggravating circumstances, such as if the rape occurs with a relationship of trust or authority, or if it leads to pregnancy, among others. 

2.2 Offences under the act:

The New POCSO Act provides for a variety of offences under which an accused can be punished. It recognizes forms of penetration other then penile-vaginal penetration and criminalize acts of immodesty against children too. Offences under the act include.

1. Penetrative sexual assault: - Insertion of penis / object /another body part in child’s vagina/urethra /anus / mouth, or asking the child to do so with them or some other person.
2. Sexual Assault: When a person touches the child with sexual intent, or makes the child touch them or someone else.
3. Sexual Harassment: Passing sexually colored remark, sexual gesture/noise, repeatedly following flashing etc. 
4. Child pornography: With respect to pornography, the Act criminalizes watching or collection of pornographic content involving children also.