The word Waqf is related to Muslim law. If any person wants to do ate it's property (movable or immovable) for a religious or charitable purpose, permanently in the name of God or Allah. Then the property is made as a waqf. The person who donates his or her property is known as WAQIF.But if a property is made as waqf, then there is no method by which the property can be taken back. So, once a waqf, always waqf. The transfer of ownership is permanent, and it goes to the State Waqf Board.  The state waqf board decides how to use that property for various purposes like making mosques, madrasas, graveyards, etc. To manage the property or waqf a caretaker or the manager is appointed, known as MUTAWWALI. The Mutawwali can neither sell nor transfer the property but he or she can generate the income from those properties. Out of the income generated,  7 percent goes to the state waqf boards. There are more than 30 waqf boards in Bharat, and the members are nominated by the respective state governments. While at the central level,  the Waqf councils are present . The disputes for any property are resolved by the Waqf tribunal.

An Overview of Waqf History in India

Waqf properties in India have been regulated by several laws to improve administration and prevent mismanagement:

The Mussalman Waqf Validating Act, 1913:

·     Allowed Muslims to create Waqfs for family benefit, eventually leading to charitable purposes.

·     Aimed to improve Waqf management but was not very effective.

·     The Mussalman Waqf Act, 1923

·      Introduced rules for proper accounting and transparency in Waqf management.

The Mussalman Waqf Validating Act, 1930:

 Strengthened the legal validity of family Waqfs, giving legal backing to the 1913 Act.

The Waqf Act, 1954:

·     Created State Waqf Boards (SWBs) for the first time to oversee Waqf properties.

·     Strengthened Waqf management after India’s independence.

·     Established the Central Waqf Council of India in 1964 to supervise State Waqf Boards and provided a pathway toward the centralisation of Waqfs.

·     This central body oversees the work under various state Waqf boards which were established under provisions of Section 9(1) of the Waqf Act, 1954.

Amendments to the Waqf Act, 1954 (1959, 1964, 1969, and 1984):

·     These amendments aimed to further improve the administration of waqf properties.

The Waqf Act, 1995:

·     This comprehensive Act repealed the 1954 Act and its amendments:

·     This was enacted to govern the administration of Waqf Properties in India.

·     It provides for the power and functions of the Waqf Council, the State Waqf Boards, and the Chief Executive Officer, and also the duties of mutawalli.

·     Created Waqf Tribunals, special courts with powers similar to civil courts.

·     Tribunal decisions are final and cannot be challenged in civil courts.

·     In 2005 , a committee was formed by UPA government under former justice Rajendra Sachar which is popularly known as SACHAR COMMITTEE . This committee was made regarding the social , cultural and educational condition of Muslim of Bharat . The Sachar committee submitted it’s report in 2006 on the status and potential of Waqf properties.  Some very shocking points were seen such as there are about 4.9 lakh registered Waqf in India having area of 6 lakh acres. It’s book value was shown about 6000 crore only but at that time it’s market value was about 1.2 lakh crores . The Waqf properties were mainly concentrated at West Bengal(148200 acres) and in Uttar Pradesh (122839 acres ) . On these properties ,only 168 crore income was generated annually with 0.27 percent return but sachar committee told that  at least 12000 crore income can be generated with 10 percent of annual return.  It showed a very huge corruption , under utilization and mismanagement of waqf properties.  Sachar committee suggested some Reforms which are as follow :

·     Stricter rules for mutawallis

·     Digital record keeping

·     Women representation must be allowed

·     Non Muslim professionals must be in the council and board so that the properties can be managed in the better way

·     Survey of the properties in every 6 months

The Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2013 introduced significant changes including:

·     Created three-member Waqf Tribunals, including a Muslim law expert.

·     Required two women members on each State Waqf Board.

·     Prohibited the sale or gifting of Waqf properties.

·     Increased the lease period of Waqf properties from 3 years to 30 years for better use.

·     On 8^th August 2024 , the Union minister of minority affairs Shri Kiren Rijiju ji presented two bills in front of The Speaker of Lok Sabha which were named as

·     Waqf (amendment ) Bill , 2024

Mussalman Wakf (Repeal ) Bill , 2024

The bills were presented for better management and development of Waqf properties,  clear rules and smoother functioning of the Board . But due to  demand by opposition MPs the bills were sent to Joint parliamentary committee headed by Shri Jagdambika Pal ji . The JPC discussed with various public experts stakeholders,  and different organisation of Muslims . The committee submitted it’s report on 30^th January 2025 . It had recommended 25 suggestions or improvement in the bills which were added at that time .

On 3^rd April 2025 it was presented in front of Lok Sabha . It was passed by 288 – 232 majority . While in Rajya Sabha it was presented on 4^th April 2025 , it was passed with majority of 128- 95 . On 6^th April 2025 , the Bill was made an act after the final signature of Honorable President of India.

·     CONTROVERSIES RELATED TO THE PREVIOUS BILLS AND THE IMPROVEMENT DONE IN PRESENT BILL :

·     Before 6^th April the non Muslims can also donate their properties as waqf but in new Bill those persons who are practicing Islam for at least 5 years only they can donate their land as waqf.

·     Waqf by user : One of the most controversial point of the previous acts . If a property is used for prayer , mosque or any other religious purpose of Muslims  for a long time , it will become automatically as waqf . Now , the official declaration will be required to claim any property as waqf .

·     The Government land enactment : About 5973 Government properties has been enacted by 25 state waqf boards . These properties have no any official document . Now , these properties will be verified by the District collector of that area . If official record exist that the land belongs to State waqf board then it will be given to them . If the documents of those properties are not present then the properties will be occupied by the Government.

·     Before 6^th April,  the survey commissioner was appointed by waqf boards but expense were given by state governments.  The survey commissioner submitted it's report to State government and State Waqf Boards.  After this a gazette notification was issued by State government about that property , in the case of controversy the accused person has only 1 year of limitation period to challenge the property as himself . If one year was completed the property automatically became Waqf .

Limitation act of 1963 says that in case of individual property , time period to file a case is 12 years while in case of government property one can appeal with in 30 years .(exception was waqf )

Section 107 of Waqf act says that nothing contained in Limitation act 1963 shall apply to any suit for possession of immovable property comprised in any waqf or for the possession of any interest in such property.

Now , section 107 has been removed and the limitation period has became 12 years .

·     The property disputes were mainly solved by waqf tribunal . It’s decision was final and no one can go to high court or Supreme court against it . Only in the case of legal error or violation of Constitution one can appeal to Supreme court or high court. Now , if the person is not satisfied by tribunal then he or she can appeal in the highe court within 90 days .

·     Waqf Alal aulad (inheritance rights) : In a family of Muslim if there were no male heir (legal heir ) , the property was submitted to waqf automatically . The females were not considered as a legal heir in the family . Now , the females will also consider as a legal heir , equal rights and equal share will be given the them also.

·     In waqf Council: There are 22 members in which all of them were males and belonged to Muslim community . Now , 2 member will be non Muslim and 2 female members will also included in the council . The non Muslim members will be restricted solely to the administration of charity related matters only .

·     In Waqf board : There are 11 members in which all of them were males and belonged to Muslim community only . Now , 2 members will be non Muslim and 2 women will also be included in the Board members . Non Muslims will be restricted solely to the administration of charity related matters only .

·     In waqf tribunal: There were  a Muslim law expert , a State officer of Additional District Magistrate rank and a District/sessional / civil class 1 judge were present . Now , a current of former judge will be as chairman of the tribunal , a current or former joint secretary  of state government will be present in the tribunal  .

The waqf is definitely a part of Muslim personal law but state waqf boards and waqf council are a part of property dispute and the government can do a Change in it .

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The 400 acres of contested land are at the heart of a two-decade-old battle over ownership. The Telangana high court's 2022 ruling that there was no deed of conveyance confirming the government's transfer of land to the institution appeared to put an end to the matter.

The initial 2,324 acres of land, including the 400 contested acres, were given to the university in 1975. The institution was the one who launched the lawsuit, asserting legal possession of the area. The institution contended that the government's maps were inaccurate. 

The court decided that the government still owned the land in the absence of such a deed. Furthermore, the government's case was strengthened when the university gave up some additional land to the government. Additionally, the Supreme Court last year upheld the 2022 ruling.

But the land's legal troubles didn't stop there. An environmental conservation NGO called Vata Foundation filed a public interest lawsuit in the high court, requesting that the land be designated as a "national park" under Section 35 of the Wildlife (Protection) Act and granting it "deemed forest" status. 

The Supreme Court's ruling in the Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India case served as the foundation for its argument. Godavarman's dedication to environmental preservation earned him the nickname "Green Man." 

The petitioners claimed that the HCU campus was ecologically sensitive and possessed all the characteristics of biodiversity hotspots, as acknowledged by the Supreme Court in the Godavarman case, which led to the awarding of presumed forest status.

The Vata Foundation asked the government to postpone creating a master plan for the site, despite the fact that income records did not identify the contested acreage as forest land. 

However, in order to further its goal of economic growth through the establishment of an IT park in the region with foreign investments, the government has called for bids to create a master plan that satisfies "international standards."

According to reports, the government wanted to design a layout and put the plots up for sale to businesses. By the way, the property is located in Gachibowli's nearby financial sector.

After learning about the government's plans for an auction, university students started a social media campaign under the hashtag "oxygen not auction," claiming that the forest had a self-sustaining ecology and was home to protected wildlife species under Schedule I of the Wildlife Act. 

According to the state government, the proposed project is intended to support the government's aims for the creation of top-notch IT infrastructure, improved connectivity, and the availability of suitable metropolitan areas.

The university administration, however, released a statement disputing the government's assertion, stating that no survey was carried out by revenue authorities in July of last year to demarcate the 400 acres of property that the government had reclaimed from IMG Academies Bharata.

So far, just a preliminary examination of the land's topography has been done. Additionally, the institution refuted TGIIC's claim that it had approved the land demarcation. The statement claimed that no land demarcation had actually been completed and that the university had not been notified of it. 

The government had been asked to alienate the university's land.

According to the university's statement, "it will forward the representation of stakeholders to the government to reconsider the points raised and request that it conserve the environment and biodiversity in the area."

According to clause (ix) of statute 13, which consists of six nominees chosen by the President of India in their capacity as university visitors, the university also recommended that it be noted that any transfer of land allotted to it can only take place with the official approval of the executive council. 

The university's student union declared that it will keep up its legal and political resistance to the government's "land grabbing." 

Numerous police officers were stationed both within and outside the Hyderabad Central University (HCU) campus on Monday, March 31, in response to skirmishes between students and the police over the entry of bulldozers to clear a 400-acre area of forested land. 

The altercations occurred prior to the Congress government's alleged plan to put it up for auction to private information technology companies in order to establish an IT park. Both the students and the state's opposition Bharat Rashtra Samithi (BRS) have criticised the action. 

On Thursday (3rd April 2025), the Supreme Court halted the removal of trees from 400 acres of property in Kancha Gachibowli, which is close to Hyderabad Central University.

In an interim order, the state chief secretary was instructed by the supreme court to make sure that no tree cutting occurs until further directives. 

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Adarsh Tiwari

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Very happily, we want to spread good news about our popular platform, YUVA AAVEG. We are going to complete our beautiful journey of two years. This platform has given its members a new life. The channel, which was started by Adarsh Tiwari, has a very special motto that tries to write in a simpler way such that our message can reach everyone without any difficulty. This platform's members spend their time writing on important topics. They read the topic from various sources, such as news, newspapers, websites, etc.

Till now, we have done about 105 articles on various topics touching every part of the current events. These topics have covered events in history, geography,  and polity economics as well, and various research papers also have been discussed on this platform.

The thoughts are written by one writer, and they are shared with each member of the group for analysis and correction.  After that, we create a poster for the topic, and after pasting it, we generally post it on various social media like Instagram, etc. And start waiting for the opinions of the public. Generally, our viewers give a very honest and good review. They always try to motivate us with innovative ideas and writing.

We want to ensure our readers that we will now write more aggressively and carefully on each topic, writing both the pros and cons of that topic.  We also request the readers to correct us on each and every step.

Once again, a heartfelt congratulations to team members!

On 22nd March 2025, the world celebrated World water day. On this important day, the Indian government launched a campaign named Jal Shakti Abhiyaan – Catch the rain 2025. It was started under the Ministry of Jal Shakti. This project emphasises the importance of communities in the conservation of water.

The policy makers of Bharat must focus on several points for the conservation of water.

·    While making the policies on water, the policymakers must focus on the needs on every sector, such as industry, agriculture,  It , textiles, etc. Before making the policy, government officials must have to visit on the ground to know the real condition at the ground level.

·    The policymakers must have to focus on the vulnerable groups of India who are very sensitive towards water .

·    The policymakers must have to ensure about lesser leakage of water by various sewage systems. These waters split in very huge amount which disturbs the human beings as well as it becomes useless. The proper management of this water can reduce the dependency on the ground water.

·    Lesser fertilizer, insecticide, pesticides, etc. must be used in the agricultural field. After the proper irrigation these waters contaminated the groundwater by ensuring the reach of harmful chemicals there.

·    The policy should be made after considering the proper management of natural resources like trees, water, mountains etc.

·    The river joining project should be run very fast. This project will disturb the flora and fauna of various forests and  natural things but it will definitely create a better future by ensuring a negligible flood in flood prone area .

·    More and more plantations must be done to ensure the better raining.  The more raining will happen , the temperature of the earth will be under control . Otherwise the countries will see a huge rise in temperature within few decades, which will be life-threatening to us.

·    When the policymakers made policy, they must focus on the livelihood of the tribal groups whose life totally depend upon the JAL JUNGLE AUR JAMEEN.

Their suggestions will be more important to ensure the water conservation.

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Image Source

104.1) Introduction

104.1) Proclamation

104.3) Timeline of Events

104.4) Portrayal by Kangana Ranaut

Image Source

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In recent times, unusual ocean events have sparked curiosity and concern. From the surfacing of the so-called “doomsday” oarfish and a lifeless anglerfish, to mass fish appearances in Kerala and a staggering 6.41 lakh olive ridley sea turtles washing up on Odisha’s shores, these events raise questions about our changing marine environment. Some scientists even suggest that fluctuating sea temperatures over recent years might be playing a part in these occurrences.

                                                   Image Source

Oarfish: The Deep-Sea Doomsday Fish

Oarfish (Regalecus glesne) are legendary for their enormous, ribbon-like bodies that can exceed 11 meters in length. These elusive deep-sea dwellers typically inhabit the dark depths, sometimes hundreds of meters below the surface. When an oarfish is found washed ashore or floating lifelessly at sea, it has often been seen as an ominous sign by coastal communities. However, marine experts believe that such events are more likely linked to natural causes—such as disease, injury, or environmental disturbances—than to any impending disaster.

Vulnerabilities:

• Temperature Sensitivity: Being adapted to the stable conditions of deep water, oarfish may struggle when sudden changes in temperature occur, which can disrupt their metabolism and behavior.
• Habitat Disturbance: Pollution and other environmental stressors can impact the deep-sea ecosystems where oarfish thrive.

Image Source- Insta

Anglerfish: The Luminous Lure from the Abyss

Anglerfish are another marvel of the deep, renowned for the bioluminescent lure that dangles from their heads. This specialized adaptation helps them attract prey in the pitch-black depths of the ocean. The rare occurrence of a dead anglerfish surfacing can signal that these creatures, too, are affected by changes in their environment.

Vulnerabilities:

• Pressure and Temperature Changes: Adapted to high-pressure, low-temperature environments, anglerfish become highly vulnerable when exposed to the drastically different conditions at the surface.
• Environmental Disruption: Shifts in water temperature—possibly due to climate change—can disturb their natural habitat, affecting their ability to hunt and reproduce.

Mass Fish Appearances in Kerala

Reports of large numbers of fish appearing along Kerala’s coastal waters have raised alarms and speculations. Although mass appearances can sometimes be a natural phenomenon, they may also indicate underlying environmental stress. Industrial discharge, pollution, or sudden changes in water temperature can disturb aquatic ecosystems, leading to unusual behavioral patterns among fish.

Vulnerabilities:

• Pollution: Contaminants and industrial effluents reduce oxygen levels in the water, directly impacting fish health.
• Temperature Fluctuations: As with many marine species, fish are sensitive to changes in water temperature, which can affect their distribution and survival.

Credit- Meta AI

Olive Ridley Sea Turtles: A Coastal Spectacle in Odisha

Odisha’s beaches have witnessed the gathering of an astounding approximate count of 6.41 lakh olive ridley sea turtles. While mass nesting events—known as arribadas—are natural for these turtles, environmental factors could be influencing these occurrences or their subsequent survival rates.

Vulnerabilities:

• Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination: The sex of hatchlings is determined by the incubation temperature, meaning that fluctuating sea and beach temperatures can skew population ratios.
• Bycatch and Pollution: These turtles face risks from fishing practices (such as entanglement in nets) and the ingestion of marine debris, both of which can lead to injury or death.
• Habitat Loss: Coastal development and erosion can diminish nesting habitats, threatening future generations.

Environmental Concerns: The Role of Fluctuating Sea Temperatures

A common thread running through these events is the potential impact of changing sea temperatures. Scientists have noted that over recent years, variations in ocean temperature—driven by climate change and other environmental factors—can disturb deep-sea ecosystems. These fluctuations may contribute to:

• Stress on Deep-Sea Life: Sudden temperature shifts can disorient or physically stress species like oarfish and anglerfish, making them more vulnerable to illness or environmental hazards.
• Altered Migratory and Nesting Patterns: For species such as fish and sea turtles, even minor changes in temperature can have significant impacts on breeding, feeding, and migratory behaviors.
• Increased Susceptibility to Pollution: Warmer waters can exacerbate the effects of pollution, further degrading the delicate balance of marine ecosystems.

Conclusion

While the sight of a dead oarfish or anglerfish might stir up superstitions about impending disasters, these events are more accurately seen as signals of environmental stress. The mass appearances of marine life—from Kerala’s fish to Odisha’s olive ridley turtles—highlight the pressing need for ongoing scientific research and proactive conservation measures. As sea temperatures continue to fluctuate, understanding and mitigating these impacts becomes essential to safeguarding our planet’s oceanic treasures.

This article is designed to spark thoughtful discussion about the link between environmental changes and marine life, encouraging further exploration and action towards preserving our oceans.

-Team Yuva Aayeg

Mayank

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 What is the news ? About 2 weeks ago , one of the most popular show of you tube known as INDIA'S GOT  LATENT SHOW has been shut down and the members of these show were taken in the detention of police . Due to their arrest the whole society of bharat has been divided in two parts .

How the controversy started ?  The show which was popularly known as INDIA'S GOT LATENT  was inspired by the international Got Talent franchise and Kill Tony, featured a wide variety of acts, including singing, dancing, magic, comedy and others. This show was hosted by Balraj singh and a famous comedian Samay Raina . In this show many contenders participated and the winner will get prize money on the basis of total number of ticket sold in that show . Everybody was free to speak anything (abusive or non abusive words , vulgar comment on each other and also on parents etc. ) . Many talented persons also participated in this show . But in the 12^th (last episode ) , which was chaired by Samay Raina,  Apoorva Makheeja, Asheesh Chanchlani, Ranveer Allahabadia and Balraj …. Many vulgar comments were passed by Ranveer as well as Apoorva which offended many peoples. They started opposing the vulgarity of this show and many FIRs were filed by many social media influencers. Due to huge pressure by opposition as well as party members, the Phadanvis government issued a notice to all the four judges to come and give clarification about the matter and present their opinions.  Last week Supreme court has also said that the comments passed by these you tubers will badly effect the society . Also the passports of these influencers has been taken by the government .

The division of society on this issue :

Indian society has been divided into two parts. Those who oppose this show say that the influencers are deviating the minds of minors and parents. Their statements can cause a huge decline in the mindset of young people. They are not following any code of conduct. That’s why this show must be suspended.

Another part of society are opposing the government. All the social media influencers including comedians and also of printing media are standing against the suspension of this show. They are saying that why should we take their statements as a serious note. We must see this show as an entertainment show not as a show which inspires anyone. The statements given by them are scripted and they do a lot of work on it , so we must respect their hardworking.

My opinion/Conclusion: Generally,  I don’t like to give opinions on these issues but according to me …. If the government is taking action on their statements I am with them . But a question should be asked to government that everything is in your hand then why should you not stop all these type of show for Indians.  Why are you targeting these influencers only? Why you didn’t ban on the pornographic content ? Why you have not stopped the Orchestra of Bihar which is totally based on vulgarity?

There are many questions to be asked from the peoples who are opposing it that they are very pious is their thoughts? Are they very sensitive so that vulgar comment of social media has badly disrupted their mind ? Does they watch the nudity on social media or not ? I believe that there will be silence in that zone .

And my question to those people also who are supporting the show members . Dear so called mature peoples if you child do such things (said by Ranveer ) will you support him or scold him ? I’d your child will openly abuse anyone or to you did you have courage to bear it? Will you reward him or punish?

Our society is trapped in many pros and cons but firstly we must have remove our impurities of mind then we have a right to comment anyone. We must have open to everyone but not in vulgarity but in sincerity , honesty and truthfulness.  We must have to deny these shows or talks which disturbs our society …….

-Team Yuva Aayeg

Shashwat

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Computational methods such as Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) and Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) models are used to predict a molecule's physicochemical characteristics or biological activity based on its chemical structure. Toxicology, materials science, pharmaceutical chemistry, and environmental science all make extensive use of these models to speed up the identification and refinement of novel compounds.

100.1) Fundamentals of QSAR/QSPR Models

The structural characteristics of chemical substances and their biological functions, such as toxicity, effectiveness, or receptor binding affinity, are mathematically related in QSAR models. Likewise, QSPR models establish a relationship between molecular structure and physicochemical characteristics such as partition coefficient, boiling point, or solubility. The idea that molecular structure determines molecular behavior is shared by QSAR and QSPR.

100.2) Development

1. Data Collection: From experimental or literary sources, a dataset of chemical structures and the actions or characteristics that go along with them is compiled.

2. Descriptor Calculation: molecule descriptors, which describe attributes including atomic composition, topology, electronic distribution, and molecule form, are numerical values obtained from the chemical structure.

3. Feature Selection: To lower dimensionality and enhance model interpretability, pertinent descriptors are chosen by statistical or machine-learning methods.

4. Model Construction: Regression analysis, neural networks, support vector machines, and other statistical or machine-learning techniques are used to construct mathematical models.

5. Model Validation: Both internal and external validation methods, including cross-validation and test datasets, are used to assess the model's predictive accuracy.

6. Model Application: The model can be used to forecast the characteristics or actions of untested drugs after it has been validated.

100.3) Approaches

1) 2D-QSAR: Makes use of two-dimensional molecular descriptors, including molecular fingerprints and connectivity indices.

2) Three-dimensional structural characteristics, such as molecule conformation and electrostatic potential fields, are incorporated into 3D-QSAR.

3) Machine Learning-Based QSAR/QSPR: To improve prediction accuracy, this approach uses sophisticated algorithms such as random forests, decision trees, and deep learning.

100.4) Applications

1) Drug Discovery: QSAR models aid in the creation of new drug candidates with decreased toxicity and maximized activity.

2) Toxicology: Reduces the need for animal testing by forecasting a chemical's possible toxicity.

3) Environmental Science: Evaluate the impact and fate of chemical contaminants in the environment.

4) Designing novel materials with desired physicochemical properties is made easier by Material Science.

100.5) Challenges

Despite their many benefits, QSAR/QSPR models have drawbacks, including a reliance on high-quality datasets, the potential for overfitting, and difficulties projecting predictions to compounds with different structural makeups. Future developments in big data, artificial intelligence, and molecular simulations will improve QSAR/QSPR models even more, increasing their accuracy and generalizability across a range of scientific fields.

100.6) Conclusion