The monsoon season in India is more than just a yearly occurrence; it is the lifeblood of the nation. The southwest monsoon provides around 75% of the yearly rainfall, which supports agriculture, replenishes water reservoirs, and affects everything from GDP growth to food prices. But in recent years, climate change has started to throw off this crucial rhythm, presenting major problems for India's ecology, economy, and way of life.
162.1) Changing Nature of Indian Monsoon
The monsoon season in India has grown more unpredictable, according to scientists. The conventional, uniformly distributed showers are giving way to brief, heavy downpours. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) reports that throughout the previous 50 years, monsoon variability has increased by around 10%.
While some areas, such as central and southern India, are seeing above-normal rainfall, others, particularly in the Northeast and Indo-Gangetic plains, are dealing with protracted dry periods. Droughts and floods have become increasingly frequent as a result of this unequal distribution, upsetting rural life and agriculture.
162.2) Climate Connection
Prolonged dry spells are affecting some regions, especially in the Northeast and Indo-Gangetic plains, while others, including central and southern India, are experiencing above-normal rainfall. This lopsided distribution has caused droughts and floods to occur more frequently, disrupting agricultural and rural life.
162.3) Economic and Social Implications
Monsoon changes have an effect on public health, energy supply, and urban infrastructure in addition to agriculture. Increased flooding is a problem for cities like Bengaluru and Mumbai, while the Himalayan states' hydropower output is hampered by erratic water flow.
162.4) Adaptation and Mitigation Efforts
1) Renewable energy and sustainable agriculture are encouraged under the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC).
2) To increase irrigation efficiency, initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) are being implemented.
3) In Gujarat, Odisha, and Maharashtra, state-level climate missions concentrate on watershed management and flood resilience.
In terms of technology, early warning systems are being improved by sophisticated forecasting models developed by IMD and the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), which enables authorities and farmers to better prepare.
162.5) Global Cooperation and Future Outlook
India needs to include climate resilience into every aspect of planning, from national energy strategy to local water management, in order to ensure its future reliance on the monsoon. This entails funding community-led adaptation, afforestation, and green technology.
162.6) Conclusion
Team Yuva Aaveg-
Adarsh Tiwari
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